In Vitro Efficacy Testing Services for Kidney

We provide robust and sensitive in vitro screening and characterization platforms for accelerating the discovery and screening of potential therapies for kidney diseases. Our service offers tailored assays to evaluate compound efficacy, cellular responses, and molecular interactions specific to renal injury, nephrotoxicity, and kidney cell function. Key targets include renal transporters, ion channels, ATPases, and signaling pathways involved in kidney health and disease. We assess pathological processes such as cell viability, apoptosis, fibrosis, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity relevant to kidney disorders.

Our comprehensive suite of testing methods includes biochemical, cellular, and molecular assays designed to evaluate drug effects on kidney cells and related pathways. These methods enable detailed analysis of compound activity, target engagement, and mechanistic insights to support preclinical drug development.

ATP assay: Measures cellular ATP levels as an indicator of cell viability and metabolic activity, important for assessing nephrotoxicity and cytoprotection.

ATP assay (at 0.01 mM): Quantifies ATP content under low substrate conditions to evaluate compound effects on energy metabolism in sensitive settings.

ATP assay (at 1 mM): Assesses ATP levels at higher substrate concentrations, useful for determining maximal metabolic response.

ATPase assay: Evaluates ATPase enzyme activity, critical for understanding compound interactions with renal transporters and pumps.

Chemiluminescent assay: Detects specific biomolecules or cellular responses using luminescent signals, providing sensitive quantitation of targets.

Dissociation enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassay (DELFIA): Offers highly sensitive detection of proteins or biomarkers via time-resolved fluorescence.

ELISA assay: Quantifies proteins, cytokines, or biomarkers relevant to kidney pathology using antibody-based detection.

Flow cytometry assay: Analyzes cell populations, apoptosis, and surface marker expression in kidney cells, enabling multiparametric profiling.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay: Detects molecular interactions or conformational changes in real-time within renal pathways.

Fluorescent assay: Measures cellular or biochemical changes using fluorescence, applicable for viability, signaling, or metabolite detection.

Fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) assay: Sorts and analyzes kidney cell subpopulations based on fluorescent markers, aiding in functional studies.

Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) assay: Quantifies protein-protein interactions or signaling events with minimal sample processing.

Paclitaxel accumulation assay: Assesses drug accumulation and efflux in kidney cells to evaluate transporter activity and drug disposition.

Poly(L-alanine/L-glutamic acid/L-lysine/L-tyrosine) as substrate: Used to evaluate protease or enzyme activity relevant to extracellular matrix remodeling in renal disease.

Poly(glutamine/tyrosine) peptide as substrate: Serves as a substrate for enzymatic assays targeting renal proteolytic pathways.

RNA assay: Measures gene expression changes in kidney cells, providing insights into transcriptional responses to treatments.

Radioactivity assay: Quantifies uptake, binding, or enzyme activity using radiolabeled substrates for high sensitivity.

Rhodamine 123 accumulation assay: Evaluates mitochondrial function and efflux transporter activity in kidney cells.

Surface plasmon resonance assay: Measures real-time binding kinetics of drugs to kidney-relevant targets without labeling.

We measure a comprehensive range of pharmacological parameters to quantify compound potency, efficacy, and binding characteristics in kidney models. These parameters are critical for comparing drug candidates, optimizing dosing, and predicting in vivo performance.

EC-50 (half-maximal effective concentration): Indicates the concentration of a compound required to achieve 50% of its maximal effect, reflecting potency.

IC-50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration): Represents the concentration needed to inhibit a biological or biochemical function by 50%, essential for evaluating inhibitor efficacy.

Kd (dissociation constant): Measures the binding affinity between a drug and its target, with lower values indicating stronger binding.

MEC (minimum effective concentration): The lowest concentration of a drug that produces a detectable effect, used for dosing considerations.

MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration): The lowest concentration of a compound that inhibits visible growth of a microorganism or cell, important in anti-infective and cytostatic studies.

pIC-50 (negative logarithm of IC-50): Provides a logarithmic scale of inhibitory potency, allowing easier comparison between compounds.

Recommended In Vitro Efficacy Tests

Atp Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1

The Atp Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 (ABCB1) actively exports drugs from kidney cells, impacting renal drug disposition and resistance. Testing ABCB1 activity is crucial for optimizing kidney drug development and minimizing adverse interactions. Key assays include Rhodamine 123 and Paclitaxel accumulation assays, and ATPase assay, which assess transporter function. Main parameters measured are MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and IC-50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration).

B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase

B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase regulates cell growth and survival pathways in the kidney, impacting drug response and disease progression. Testing B-Raf activity is crucial for identifying therapeutic targets and optimizing kidney drug development. Our service utilizes ELISA, chemiluminescent, and ATP assays to assess B-Raf function, providing key parameters such as MIC and IC-50 for evaluating compound potency and efficacy.

Bcl2 Apoptosis Regulator

The Bcl2 Apoptosis Regulator plays a crucial role in controlling kidney cell survival and apoptosis, impacting drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Our testing service evaluates Bcl2 activity using sensitive fluorescent and chemiluminescent assays, enabling precise measurement of drug effects. Key parameters such as EC-50 and MIC are determined, providing essential data for optimizing kidney drug efficacy and safety during preclinical development.

Dna Topoisomerase I

DNA Topoisomerase I regulates DNA supercoiling during replication and transcription in kidney cells, impacting cellular health and drug response. Testing its activity is crucial for developing effective kidney therapeutics. Our service uses a sensitive chemiluminescent assay to quantify Topoisomerase I function, determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of candidate drugs. This enables precise evaluation of drug efficacy and safety in kidney drug development.

Enhancer Of Zeste 2 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Subunit

The Enhancer Of Zeste 2 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Subunit (EZH2/PRC2) regulates gene silencing and epigenetic remodeling in kidney development and disease. Testing EZH2/PRC2 is vital for kidney drug development to assess target engagement, efficacy, and off-target effects. Key methods include qPCR, Western blot, and ChIP-seq. Main parameters analyzed are EZH2 expression, H3K27me3 levels, and downstream gene repression, ensuring precise evaluation of therapeutic interventions.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) plays a crucial role in kidney cell proliferation, survival, and repair. EGFR testing is vital in kidney drug development to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety. Our service employs advanced methods, including FACS, DELFIA, chemiluminescent, HTRF, flow cytometry, FRET, SPR, ELISA, and ATP/fluorescent assays. Key parameters measured include IC-50, MIC, Kd, pIC-50, and MEC, enabling precise assessment of drug-target interactions.

Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2

Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (HER2/ERBB2) plays a crucial role in kidney cell signaling and pathology. Testing its activity is vital for kidney drug development to assess efficacy and safety. Our service offers sensitive detection using FRET and chemiluminescent assays, providing key parameters such as Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC), IC-50, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for comprehensive compound profiling.

Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 1

Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 1 (FLT1/VEGFR1) regulates angiogenesis and vascular permeability in the kidney, impacting disease pathogenesis and drug response. Testing FLT1 activity is crucial for identifying and optimizing kidney drug candidates. Our service employs HTRF, ELISA, and ATP assays to accurately quantify FLT1 inhibition, with IC-50 determination as the primary efficacy parameter, enabling precise evaluation of compound potency for renal therapeutics development.

Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 3

Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 3 (FLT3) plays a key role in kidney cell signaling, proliferation, and survival. Testing FLT3 activity is crucial for developing targeted kidney therapeutics and assessing drug efficacy. We offer FLT3 testing using chemiluminescent, fluorescent, ATP, radioactivity, and ELISA assays, with Poly(L-alanine/L-glutamic acid/L-lysine/L-tyrosine) as substrate. The primary parameter measured is IC-50, enabling precise evaluation of compound potency in kidney drug development.

Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4

Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4 (FLT4/VEGFR-3) regulates lymphangiogenesis in the kidney, influencing fluid balance and fibrosis. FLT4 testing is crucial for assessing drug effects on kidney lymphatic function and disease progression. Key methods include ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR. Main parameters measured are FLT4 protein expression, gene transcription levels, and downstream signaling activity, providing vital insights for kidney drug development.

Raf-1 Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase

The Raf-1 Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase plays a pivotal role in kidney cell signaling and survival, impacting responses to drug candidates. Our testing service quantifies Raf-1 activity using RNA and chemiluminescent assays, enabling assessment of drug efficacy and toxicity. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is determined to guide dose optimization, supporting effective and safe kidney drug development.